Punctuating for Extra Information

You can also use punctuation for phrases that add detail to the sentence. The following are two specific examples of this type of punctuation, using commas and parentheses.

Introductory expressions

Use commas after introductory words, phrases, or clauses.

Unfortunately, the committee rejected the proposal. As of January 15, the proposal has been endorsed by several managers. According to our policy, reports must be available to those concerned.

Parenthetical statements

Use parentheses to set off information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.

The Board of Directors approved the investment ($7 million loan and $2 million equity).

Use parentheses to enclose a word, phrase, or sentence that serves to explain, amplify, or translate another part of the sentence. This includes following a title with an acronym.

The World Bank Institute (WBI) provides training for middle-level and senior government officials. The committee recommended three new people for the mission team (Appendix 2). Schools across the country are closed in an act called katalypsi (takeover).